HDMI عبر العصور: من 1.0 إلى 2.1

## 2003: HDMI 1.0

Launched to replace DVI and composite cables with a single digital audio+video connection. Supported up to 1080p@60Hz — revolutionary for the flat-panel TV era.

## 2009: HDMI 1.4 — 4K Begins

Added 4K support (but only at 30Hz), an Ethernet channel, and Audio Return Channel (ARC). This version powered the first wave of 4K TVs.

## 2013: HDMI 2.0 — 4K@60Hz

The bandwidth upgrade that 4K needed. 18 Gbps allowed 4K@60Hz with full color. HDR support came in 2.0a (2015) and 2.0b (2016).

## 2017: HDMI 2.1 — The Gaming Standard

A massive jump to 48 Gbps enabled:
- 4K@120Hz for gaming
- 8K@60Hz for future displays
- Variable Refresh Rate (VRR)
- Auto Low Latency Mode (ALLM)
- Enhanced ARC (eARC) for Dolby Atmos

PS5, Xbox Series X, and RTX 30-series GPUs all adopted HDMI 2.1.

## Cable Generations

| Cable Type | Bandwidth | Max Resolution |
|---|---|---|
| Standard | 4.95 Gbps | 1080i |
| High Speed | 10.2 Gbps | 4K@30Hz |
| Premium High Speed | 18 Gbps | 4K@60Hz HDR |
| Ultra High Speed | 48 Gbps | 4K@120Hz, 8K@60Hz |