케이블 길이 vs 신호 품질: 얼마나 멀리 갈 수 있을까?
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USB, HDMI, DisplayPort, Ethernet의 최대 케이블 길이와 한계를 넘었을 때 일어나는 일들을 알아봅니다.
## Maximum Passive Cable Lengths
| Standard | Max Passive Length | Notes |
|---|---|---|
| USB 2.0 | 5m | Extendable with active hubs |
| USB 3.2 Gen 1 | 3m | Shorter = more reliable |
| USB 3.2 Gen 2 | 1m | Very short for 10 Gbps |
| Thunderbolt 4 | 2m (passive) | 40 Gbps passive |
| HDMI 2.1 (4K@120Hz) | 3-5m | Depends on cable quality |
| DisplayPort 1.4 | 3m (HBR3) | Longer at lower speeds |
| Cat6 Ethernet | 100m | Standard for all speeds to 10 Gbps |
| Cat6a Ethernet | 100m | Shielded, better for 10 Gbps |
## Going Further: Active Cables and Fiber
When you need longer runs:
- **Active USB cables**: Up to 10-30m with built-in signal boosters
- **Fiber optic HDMI**: Up to 100m for 4K@120Hz
- **Thunderbolt active cables**: Up to 50m over fiber
- **Ethernet**: Already good for 100m; use fiber for longer
## Signs Your Cable Is Too Long
- Random disconnections
- Slower-than-expected transfer speeds
- Video flickering, sparkles, or blackouts
- Device not charging or charging very slowly