Duplex (Full/Half)

Signal & Data

Whether a connection can send and receive data simultaneously (full) or only one direction at a time (half).

Full duplex means data flows in both directions at the same time, effectively doubling usable bandwidth. USB4 and Thunderbolt use full duplex by default. Some standards like USB 3.2 Gen 2x2 dedicate lanes in each direction for guaranteed symmetrical speed.

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